Understanding Uterine Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What is Uterine Cancer?

Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the uterus. It is the most common type of gynecologic cancer in the United States, accounting for approximately 6% of all female cancer diagnoses. The exact cause of uterine cancer is still unknown, but it is believed to be linked to factors such as hormonal imbalances, obesity, and a family history of the disease.

The risk of developing uterine cancer increases with age, and it is more common in women who have never been pregnant or have had their first child after the age of 35. Women who are overweight or obese are also at a higher risk due to the increased production of estrogen in their bodies.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of uterine cancer can be similar to those of other gynecological conditions, making diagnosis challenging. Common symptoms include abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, and weight loss. In some cases, the disease may not cause any noticeable symptoms until it has progressed to an advanced stage.

A thorough physical examination, including a pelvic exam and Pap smear, is typically performed by a healthcare provider to diagnose uterine cancer. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans may also be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the disease.

Treatment Options and Prognosis

The treatment options for uterine cancer depend on the stage and grade of the disease. Surgery is often the primary treatment approach, which may involve removing the uterus (hysterectomy) or only the affected lining (endometrial ablation). In some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be necessary to eliminate any remaining cancer cells.

The prognosis for uterine cancer patients is generally good, especially when diagnosed at an early stage. With treatment, the 5-year survival rate is approximately 80%. However, the disease can recur in some cases, and long-term follow-up care is essential to monitor for any signs of recurrence.